Ethics and Euthanasia Essay Example

Ethics and Euthanasia Essay Example Ethics and Euthanasia Paper Ethics and Euthanasia Paper Euthanasia or mercy killing has long been a debated topic. The question is whether it is humane for a person to choose his own death when it is inevitable and prolonging his/her life would only lengthen his/her suffering. It may be so when the patient still has the capacity to acknowledge the act but in some cases, the patient can no longer respond to any given stimuli. In these special cases, close relatives are given the right to decide for the patient but this should still be subject to some regulation as giving the such decision-making power to another person may lead to abuse. It is important to know the facts behind euthanasia and how it is classified before discussing the moral and ethical issues associated with it. It is classified into four types which are passive and active euthanasia and voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. Passive and active euthanasia are different that passive euthanasia involves â€Å"withdrawing medical treatment† and active euthanasia â€Å"is taking steps to cause the patients death†. They are both classified as a form of euthanasia but the first one is more accepted in an ethical perspective (Pregnant Pause, 2001). An example of passive euthanasia is when a patient is already fully dependent on a life support mechanism to sustain life such as a respirator. In such a case, the patient may choose to disconnect the respirator to die a painless death when he/she wishes to do so. A more classical example of passive euthanasia is a â€Å"do not resuscitate order†. In standard medical practice, when there is a threat to a patient’s life, the medical staff will try to resuscitate him/her but when the medical staff chooses not to do so, this is considered as passive euthanasia. On the other hand, active euthanasia which is the more controversial form of mercy killing involves ingesting into the patient poison which usually is an overdose of painkillers and sleeping pills such as morphine. In comparison, active euthanasia is subject to a lot of debate thus legalizing it would result in much clamor for the religious sector whereas there is not much moral and ethical arguments against passive euthanasia (Pregnant Pause, 2001). Euthanasia is also categorized as voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary euthanasia means that the patient has consented in the termination of life-support or medical treatment while involuntary euthanasia is euthanasia in the absence of a consensus from the patient. This may be due to the inability of the patient to make decisions for himself in whom close relatives are given the right to decide for them (Pregnant Pause, 2001). Assisted suicide is another form of killing although it is difficult to determine whether it classifies as a form of euthanasia or not. In this method, the doctor gives the patient access to ways to end his/her life. The doctor has no direct involvement because he will not administer the drug to the patient. The patient then has to make the decision if he/she would use the provided means to end his/her life. This is assisted suicide (Pregnant Pause, 2001). Now, looking at the moral and ethical aspects, euthanasia, depending on how it is performed and the circumstances when it is performed determines whether is right or wrong. If the euthanasia is passive or voluntary, then, there is not much issue because the patient is aware of the consequences and he has consented but when euthanasia is active or involuntary, many ethical issues may be encountered such as the value of life which troubles many religious groups. For involuntary euthanasia, the patient has not consented and the relatives are the ones that made the decision for them. The fear here is that the relatives might make the decision that the patient would not naturally want. This is a highly controversial topic also considering the financial implications of the death of the patient (Pregnant Pause, 2001). The use of morphine drips has always been associated with mercy killing. Morphine is particularly used as a pain reliever and its side effects include respiratory depression. Many believe that the use of morphine shortens the life of a person and many also fear its addictive properties. It is also perceived as a normal instrument for inducing euthanasia. A proper dose of morphine is not a big deal but in bigger doses, its medical components are being used to peacefully kill someone (Esolen, 2006). There are many possible scenarios wherein morphine drips can be used to help people who are in great pain. Technically, instantly increasing the dosage to potentially fatal levels, morphine drips may be considered as active euthanasia for those who have not developed a tolerance for the drug. However, on one aspect, this is better than passive euthanasia wherein you just let the patient writhe in pain as the medical staff do nothing to help. The use of morphine drips may be recognized as a humane way of mercy killing because morphine eliminates pain and ensures that the patient dies a painless death (Esolen, 2006) According to Dr. Thomas Preston,the use of morphine drips â€Å"is undeniably euthanasia, hidden by the cosmetics of professional tradition and language†. Continuous injection of morphine into the bloodstream will eventually lead to death due to cessation of the breathing function. Preston also indicated that the use of morphine drips is the â€Å"societys wink to euthanasia†. He also attested that euthanasia is now a widespread practice in spite of the existence of laws that prohibit such (When Death is Sought, 1997). If done intentionally, significantly increasing the dosage of morphine will undeniably cause death but characterizing morphine drips as a â€Å"covert form of euthanasia† is inaccurate. The relation of morphine drips and patient deaths has no clear relationship. Due to the fact they people rapidly develop a tolerance to the drug, doses may be increases and as long as the drug is properly administered, there seems to be no tolerance limit. The claim that morphine drips hastens the death of the patient who have not developed tolerance bears no ground (When Death is Sought, 1997). Euthanasia should not be much of a moral issue; instead it should be regarded as an opportunity to be able to help people. Sometimes, it is much better to die in comfort than to live in pain. Patients should be given the opportunity to choose between the two available options. If morphine drip is a viable and effective way to attain such, then, it should in no manner be banned from use. It is true that life is of utmost importance but when there is extreme pain and suffering, plus the fact that the patient would not be living long enough because of a terminal disease, ending life to end suffering is never a bad alternative. Euthanasia should be done when the patient requests it. It should also be recommended in medical practice whenever viable instead of providing false hopes. Some argue that as humans have a right to life but they also have a right to death. References Pregnant Pause. 20 November 2001. Types of Euthanasia. Retrieved April 14, 2008, from pregnantpause. org/euth/types. htm Anthony, Esolen. 18 January 2006. Lethal Drips. Retrieved April 14, 2008, from http://merecomments. typepad. com/merecomments/2006/01/_in_the_matter_. html The New York State Task Force on Life and the Law. 1997 April. When Death is Sought. Retrieved April 14, 2008, from http://wings. buffalo. edu/faculty/research/bioethics/suppl. html

Free Essays on Avon Case Analysis

Andrea Jung’s Makeover of Avon When first reading this article, one thinks that there is nothing wrong with Avon, and that Andrea Jung has completely turned this company around. However, through careful analysis, one can see that there are still problems within Avon that must be corrected if they intend to compete in the hectic and chaotic world of the cosmetic, fragrance, and toiletry (CFT) industry. One problem that Avon faces is the strong competition within fields they are trying to expand into. Avon is marketing a nutritional product line called Wellness, which includes vitamins, supplements, bars, etc. This market is competitively strong, with such nation-wide retailers as GNC, Vitamin World, Walgreens, and countless other drug stores and grocers that carry substitute items, which may be less expensive. The best recommendation I can give is to strongly suggest doing market research before engaging in branching off into other forms of product lines. Avon should stick to what it knows (cosmetics), and when they are at the top, then branch off into other ventures. Avon also faces a poor brand image. Most women view Avon as â€Å"my grandmother’s brand† or â€Å"not for me†. One of the fastest growing demographic sets is that of the teen and preteen. This market is one yet penetrated by Avon. In order to penetrate the teen/preteen markets, Avon must produce quality and practical products that young women will be attracted to, use, and to buy them more than once. To accomplish this, an increase in R&D’s allocation of funds must be needed. In addition to increasing funds, Avon can aggressively pursue new talent, whether that is recruiting top talent directly out of college, or offering higher salaries and options to competitor’s star employees/researchers. A third problem faced by Avon is that of keeping and retaining Avon representatives. There seems to be growing animosity between reps and the corporation. ... Free Essays on Avon Case Analysis Free Essays on Avon Case Analysis Andrea Jung’s Makeover of Avon When first reading this article, one thinks that there is nothing wrong with Avon, and that Andrea Jung has completely turned this company around. However, through careful analysis, one can see that there are still problems within Avon that must be corrected if they intend to compete in the hectic and chaotic world of the cosmetic, fragrance, and toiletry (CFT) industry. One problem that Avon faces is the strong competition within fields they are trying to expand into. Avon is marketing a nutritional product line called Wellness, which includes vitamins, supplements, bars, etc. This market is competitively strong, with such nation-wide retailers as GNC, Vitamin World, Walgreens, and countless other drug stores and grocers that carry substitute items, which may be less expensive. The best recommendation I can give is to strongly suggest doing market research before engaging in branching off into other forms of product lines. Avon should stick to what it knows (cosmetics), and when they are at the top, then branch off into other ventures. Avon also faces a poor brand image. Most women view Avon as â€Å"my grandmother’s brand† or â€Å"not for me†. One of the fastest growing demographic sets is that of the teen and preteen. This market is one yet penetrated by Avon. In order to penetrate the teen/preteen markets, Avon must produce quality and practical products that young women will be attracted to, use, and to buy them more than once. To accomplish this, an increase in R&D’s allocation of funds must be needed. In addition to increasing funds, Avon can aggressively pursue new talent, whether that is recruiting top talent directly out of college, or offering higher salaries and options to competitor’s star employees/researchers. A third problem faced by Avon is that of keeping and retaining Avon representatives. There seems to be growing animosity between reps and the corporation. ...

Napoleon The Third Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Napoleon The Third - Term Paper Example Any dissenting and uprisings were thoroughly repressed and intimidation tactics were employed in electoral processes. The second Empire was established in November, 1852 with Louis Napoleon becoming Emperor Napoleon III. For the next years, Napoleon III used dictatorial leadership style and encouraged both railway construction and establishment of the first French Investment bank. Napoleon provided better housing and free medical care for workers in order to reduce the tensions among the working class. Napoleon also reconstructed Paris by ensuring new water supply, sewage systems and circular plazas (Spielvogel 666). Napoleon III is considered to have personal power since he asserted that â€Å"nothing could trouble the clear vision of his judgment or the strength of his resolution†. Napoleon foreign policy contributed to the unification of Italy and Germany. Napoleon participated in the Crimean War between 1854 and 1856 and is idea was to free the French from the early ideolo gy that France should not participate in peace arbitration across Europe that had been implemented in 1814 to 1815. Napoleon III undertook an aggressive foreign policy in all major wars and confrontations across the globe. His pursuit for French supremacy in Europe led to success in Crimean war in the 1850s and the ultimate unification of Italy and Germany (Spielvogel 666). In Italy, Napoleon III wanted to prevent Spain and Austria from extending the authority to papal Rome and intervened militarily in order to restore the authority of pope in Rome. The revolutions of 1848 led to nationalism ideas across the Italian Peninsula as Lombardy tried to rise against the influence of Austria dominance in the region. The kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Prime minister Count Camillo di Cavour secured a diplomatic alliance with Napoleon III in 1859 before the onset of Franco-Austrian War. The Austrian Army was considered a common enemy and was defeated by Piedmont and French forces at Solferino an d Magenta thus surrendering Lombardy. In early 1860, Italian states voted to join the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia while Nice and Savoy was relinquished to France. By 1862, the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed with only Venetia and Rome outside the kingdom. Napoleon III was interested in protecting the Papal States and Rome from any Italian occupation, but Prussia declared the Franco-Prussian War (1879-1871). Italians took advantage of the ongoing Franco-Prussian war and invaded the Papal States and Rome and annexed them to the Kingdom of Italy. Finally, the Italian capital became Rome thus symbolizing the final unification of Italy (Spielvogel 668). The outcomes of Prussian war surprised Napoleon, but Napoleon III tried to tighten his ties with anti-Prussian South German states but Germans had become economically advanced and nationalistic. The German revolutionaries of 1848 advocated for national militia and trial by jury. Bismarck advocated for real-politik and allied with Austria in fighting Danes in 1862 in order to protect Holstein which was a member of German Confederation. After the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, Prussia annexed some German states while allowing some Austrian states to maintain a considerable level of independence. In 1867, Bismarck a union of the Northern German states under pretext of Prussia and several German states in the north joined the German Confederat

The Liberal Party of Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Liberal Party of Canada - Essay Example On the one hand was the governing coalition of Liberal – Conservatives under the leadership of Sir John A. McDonald in Canada West and his French – Canadian counterpart, George – Etienne Cartier in Canada East. This disparate organization encompassed a number of distinct groups, many of which had potentially conflicting interests – Catholic and Protestants, English and French, Urban and Rural (Stephen Brooks, page 282) â€Å"The Liberal Party of Canada is always located somewhere in the middle of the political spectrum and often finds itself divided between a progressive wing and a conservative wing† (Patrick Malcolmson, Richard Myers, page 178) Base of Support The main support group for the classical liberals consisted of Industrialists, merchants and property owning- individuals while the chief supporters for the contemporary Liberal party includes several middle of the road advocacy groups within the feminist, environmental and multicultural movements, public – sector workers, middle – class intellectuals in the universities and the media, the national Liberal Party and the Bloc Quebecois; think – tanks including Canadian Policy Research Networks, the institute for Research on Public Policy and the Canada West Foundation. ( Stephen Brooks, page 40 - 41) According to the views propagated by R. B. McCullum, the Liberal Party was the â€Å"party of the middle class, with the support of the industrial workers† (Robert Kelly, page 43) Political Ideology One way of categorizing political ideas – perhaps the most popular way – is to describe them as being left wing/ right wing or centrist/ moderate.

Globalisation and Free

Globalisation and Free Trade Essay Globalisation, also referred to as global integration is an important economic concept used to understand the economic, structural, political and cultural changes that have occurred in the world today. Globalisation is argued to have shaped the post-war world. Globalisation can be defined as the increase of interconnectedness between countries through international trade. The reduced policy barriers to trade and investment in the public sector and the reduced communication and transportation costs in the private sector are believed to be the main driving force behind globalisation (Frankel, 2006). Due to globalisation, the concept of free trade operates. Free trade is a policy where countries are able to trade freely with each other as there are no tariffs applied to imports and no quotas or subsidies applied to exports. According to the law of comparative advantage, the free trade policy allows both countries to gain mutually from trade – increasing economic growth. The increase in inequality and job losses which is occurring around the world is argued to be as a result of global logic of competitive profit-making management techniques of outsourcing and corporate migrations, atomisation, downsizing and widespread technological progress which all came about as a result of globalisation and free trade (Ukpere and Slabbert, 2007) Due to some consequences of globalisation, movements were formed against it (Krugman et al, 2012). The anti-globalisation movements argue that although globalisation increases the overall income of a country however the benefits are not equally distributed between the citizens. This widens income disparities which brings up social and welfare issues and could also limit the forces which drive economic growth as opportunities brought about as a result of globalisation may not be fully taken advantage of. Maintaining citizens support is important in order to sustain globalisation, however support shown by citizens could largely be influenced by the rising level of inequality (Subir Lall et al, 2012). The Ricardian Model of comparative advantage states that goods are produced competitively using one factor of production; labour, utilising constant-returns-to-scale technologies that vary across countries and goods (Deardorff,2007) . The Ricardian model puts forward that countries would export the good in which they have comparative advantage which is determined by opportunity cost, labour cost and labour productivity. A country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries (Krugman et al, 2012). The Ricardian model illustrates a world with two countries, A and B which both utilise a single factor of production labour in producing good X and Y respectively. Assuming country A has comparative advantage in producing good X, then country A should specialise in the production of good X and would export it to country B. Since it is more cost effective for country B to import good X , Production of good X would decline in country B leading to a reduction in the demand for labour. As a result workers would lose their jobs leaving them with less disposable income – increasing inequality. As a result of globalisation, the cost of communication between countries is low, reducing the cost of controlling the geographically dispersed parts of an organisation. This allows organisations identify countries which have low production costs and set up branches in such countries in order to exploit the low production costs. This is referred to as outsourcing. Through this fragmentation of industry, the host countries are able to pursue their comparative advantage and maximise the use of their resources. However due to outsourcing, the movement of production to the host country causes people in the foreign country to be laid off their jobs as there is a decline in the demand for labour, increasing job losses and also the inequality gap. The factor-proportions theory stresses the importance of the interaction between the proportions of the factors of production that are utilised by countries in production and the proportion of the factors of production the country possesses (Krugman et al, 2012). The Hecksher- Ohlin model is a version of the factor-proportions theory . The model assumes that the country that is abundant in a factor exports the good whose production is intensive in that factor and can be referred to as â€Å"2 by 2 by 2†: Two factors of production, two goods, two countries (Krugman et al, 2012). Assuming we have two countries, country A and B which utilise two factors of production; labour and land to produce goods X(labour intensive) and Y(land intensive) respectively. The Hecksher-Ohlin model states that If country A has abundance of Labour and country B has abundance of land then country A would be effective in the production of good X and country B would be effective in the production of good Y. The Hecksher-Ohlin model purports that owners of abundant factors benefit from international trade and owners of scarce factor would lose from trade. Owners of the scarce factor would then be forced to lay off some workers – leading to disparities in the distribution of income which increases inequality (Krugman et al, 2012). The Stopler- Samuelson theory describes an interaction between relative factor rewards and the relative prices of goods. The theory purports that under some economic conditions (perfect competition, constant returns, equal number of goods produced to equal number of factors) the rise in market price of a good would result in an rise in the return to that factor that is most intensively utilised in producing that good whereas a reduction in the return to the other factor occurs. Due to free trade, there are reduced tariffs on imports and as a result, there is a decrease in the price of imported goods that are high skill-intensive reducing compensation of limited high-skilled workers. Also, there in as increase in the price of exported goods which the country has abundant factor, that are low skill-intensive and the compensation of low-skilled workers. In a developed country with relatively abundant high-skill factors the opposite would occur with a rise in openness resulting in higher inequality. Inequality is argued to be rising amongst countries. The differences between the global poor and global rich continues to increase (Haines, 2001). The income share of the richest quintile is increasing whilst the income share of the rest of the quintiles is decreasing. Although globalisation is argued to be largely responsible for the increase in job losses and inequality, we can also argue that technological progress has contributed to some extent. Technological progress is responsible for the increasing gap between the skilled and unskilled workforce as it puts greater importance on worker skills. As a result of this, in most countries skilled workers are paid significantly higher wages than unskilled workers as a result leading to differences in income distribution. Also, in most households nowadays, we’ll find that most people use telephones and computers, making it possible for individuals to purchase a wide range of goods and services from a global supply chain. Countries that sell goods and services at a lower price compared to other countries tend to have comparative advantage in producing the good according to the Ricardian Model. As individuals we tend to then purchase goods from the country which sells it at the lowest price when compared to other countries. These current patterns have led to a large section of the labour market withering away, increasing inequality and job losses amongst countries (Martin and Schumann, 1997). Samuelson (2004) indicated that using the Ricardian model, with two goods and two countries with different levels of productivity, technological progress in the lagging country would benefit the latter and the more developed country would end up losing from international trade. This reduces the mutual benefits from international trade – increasing inequality. In order to decrease the rising inequality and job losses the government should make providing easy and free access to education a matter of high importance. This gives unskilled and low income groups an opportunity to take advantage of opportunities which arise from globalisation as a result they would be able to lessen the disparities in income distribution and have more job opportunities (Subir Lall et al, 2012). Globalisation is believed to have significantly contributed to the increase in the overall wealth amongst countries however it has a disequalizing effect as access to wealth between the rich and poor segments of the population is unequal. Government should put in place policy reforms which are aimed at opening up access to finance, developing institutions that encourage lending to the low income groups in order to enhance the general distribution of income, which in turn helps to support the overall growth of the economy.

Causes of the English Civil War :: essays research papers

The civil war broke out in 1642, and was a war that is within a country, it has many reasons for happening. This essay will explain and categorise the main cause’s fop the civil war. I will start by listing the genres of events. In the 1640’s power and politics were vital for social standard and anyone with power was important and respected so naturally and event such as the civil war would have had politics as one of the main issues for happening. Charles becoming king was obviously a cause because it was his decisions that influenced the war itself and him who raised the flag. Also in 1629 Charles decided to close down parliament because he felt they were exerting too much power than they should, also it almost seems as if Charles is afraid of parliament or jealous because he feels that he is entitled to the â€Å"divine right of kings† and seeing parliament using all this power made him feel as if he was less and not as important. This was then followed by the â€Å"eleven years of tyranny† which ended in 1640 when he recalled parliament due to shortage of money and mistakes he had made. An interesting decision Charles made was to marry Henrietta a foreign royal, some people would have said this was purely religiously influenced because she was a catholic and people feared he married her because his desire was to make England catholic. Others have said that it was a power driven choice because he wanted to unite the two countries and gain more power. There are other more religious based events such as when Charles ordered Henry Laud to make a new prayer book which was to be read around the England. This caused an outrage between his people who could now no longer trust him. As if this wasn’t enough he then ordered the book to be read in Scotland this was in 1637 and was possibly one of his worst choices, this was because at the time Scots were angry that Charles hadn’t turned protestant because he was raised as protestant and on top of that they were extremely insulted that Charles would even for a second believe that they would accept this book. This t hen resulted in rampage and violence so the book was taken away. The saying â€Å"money is the root of all evil† applies strongly in the making of the civil war.

Amusement Park Industry

22nd May, 2010 INDIAN AMUSEMENT PARKS INDUSTRY Highlights SECTORAL REPORT †¢ The amusement industry in India is at a growing stage currently with more and more developments happening in this industry all across the country. †¢ The size of the Indian Amusement Park business is estimated to be around Rs 4000 crores and is estimated to grow by 10% per cent per annum till 2010. †¢ The amusement and theme park industry is deemed to be worth Rs. 10000 crores in India by 2020. Janaki Rao. U Analyst Equity Research Desk [email  protected] com Currently for a population of 1. 15 billion in the country, there are only 120 amusement parks and 45 Family Entertainment Centers. This indicates that the growth potential of Indian amusement and theme park industry is substantial. †¢ Global leaders in entertainment parks and attractions like Universal Studios, Disney, Sony and Ripley Entertainment are mulling over investments of billions of dollars in India considering the vast p otential in this region.Private equity funds are also aggressively dedicating resources towards this sector. The Indian small and big players in the Amusement Industry are looking at the tremendous growth potential of this industry in the next 5 years. †¢ Growth of India's retail sector had been the main driving force for the amusement industry in India. †¢ Globally, domestic and international tourists comprise more than 50% of the total footfall at popular amusement parks. †¢ Transport corridors like expressways and the Metro line are bringing an increasing number of people closer to entertainment hubs. The high growth potential of the industry in highly populated India will boost tourism, social infrastructural development as well as employment generation. The success and growth potential of this industry is resulting into the advent of new manufacturers of amusement parks' rides in India. V. S. R. Sastry Vice President Equity Research Desk 91-22-25276077 [email   protected] com Dr. V. V. L. N. Sastry Ph. D. Chief Research Officer [email  protected] com 1 22nd May, 2010 CONTENTS 1. Sector Overview 2. Current Trends 3. Profile of top three Indian Companies 4. SWOT Analysis 5.Conclusion 2 22nd May, 2010 1. Sector Overview Structure & Development The amusement and theme park industry in India is about two decades old and it is relatively new when compared to its origin in USA & Europe. This industry found its roots in India during mid and late 1980s when a few innovative entrepreneurs took challenge of pioneering few amusement parks in Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai. The growth in this industry started only in the last decade and that happened possibly during the advent of globalization when economic potential of the social capital began to be perceived.A recent market survey research shows that this industry in India is growing at a rapid pace and over 120 amusement parks and water parks are currently in operation in India. Out of them on ly 15% can be classified in the â€Å"large parks† category, 30% as medium size parks and balance 55% are small size local parks. Investments to the tune of Rs 10,000 crore are likely to flow into the domestic amusement and leisure sector by 2020 with about 500 new parks are expected to come up across the country.The Rs 4,000-crore Indian amusement and leisure industry expects fresh investment of Rs 10,000 crore by the year 2020. In terms of employment generation, the new parks are likely to create jobs for six crore man-hours per month. It is estimated that the total capital investment made in the amusement and theme park industry in India till date, is more than INR 40 billion (excluding investment on land). The estimated annual revenue generated by this industry is approx INR 20 billion, at present, which is expected to grow to almost three times by the year 2020 at a CAGR of over 11%. 22nd May, 2010 Amusement Parks are recreational facilities that offer a varied range of entertainment options ranging from theme parks to spine chilling roller coaster, 3D theater to giant wheel, in a cluster format. These parks provide one-stop-shop leisure and entertainment solutions for the entire family at one place and are a key source of tourist attraction (domestic and foreign) and revenue generation for the State. The demand for entertainment options such as amusement parks, I-max, shopping malls are rapidly increasing across the Country.The key demand drivers for the segments are rising base of middle class, increasing disposable income, changing lifestyle, cultural shift and increasing emphasis to lead a holistic life with a balance of work and leisure. Tourism- Amusement parks During the last decade domestic tourism had grown @ 14% on an average and currently it is estimated at 527 million. Out of this, the amusement park industry generated only 15 million footfall during last year. Globally, domestic and international tourists comprise more than 50% of the total footfall at popular amusement parks. We can, therefore, expect that there ould be manifold increase in footfall in amusement parks in India as the large parks in India are gradually converting themselves to larger destination parks with additional investments following the foot steps of large global parks. Currently for a population of 1. 1 billion in the country, there are only 120 amusement parks and 45 Family Entertainment Centres. This indicates that the growth potential of Indian amusement and theme park industry is substantial. The high growth potential of the industry in highly populated India will boost tourism, social infrastructural development as well as employment generation.The success and growth potential of this industry is resulting into the advent of new manufacturers of amusement parks' rides in India. 4 22nd May, 2010 Today, Indian manufacturers can produce international standard quality products at a competitive price for both the domestic and the global ma rket. Both these areas have good potential. Amusement parks have not received their due recognition for their enormous potential as an infrastructural facility for tourism. The amusement industry worldwide is a very significant part of the tourism effort.In India, the tourism policy does not address the needs and the potential of the amusement industry. As such, today the amusement industry in India receives no special incentives. Recreation Industry – Amusement parks Recreation Industry is currently one of the most exciting sectors in India. The current market for leisure is estimated to cross USD 1 bn in next few years. The leisure industry mainly consist of amusement park, malls family entertainment centers (FECs) and multiplexes. The present consumer base is estimated around 30 million people.At present there are around 200 FECs in the Country and the number is expected to grow to 400 in the next couple of years. Amusement parks contribute nearly 40% of the total leisure industry turnover. Through the years though there is a healthy growth, but at the same time it is burdened by local entertainment tax ranging from 10 to 25 per cent in various states. Further if any imposition of Central Tax like Service Tax will cripple the whole industry. The industry can absorb either of the taxes and not both, he stated.Further he urged to make amusement industry an integral part of tourism and development in India at the Central Government Level. Recreation Industry is currently one of the most exciting sectors in India. The current market for leisure is estimated to cross USD 1 bn in next few years. The leisure industry mainly consist of amusement park, malls family entertainment centers (FECs) and multiplexes. The present consumer base is estimated around 30 million people. 5 22nd May, 2010 At present there are around 200 FECs in the Country and the number is expected to grow to 400 in the next couple of years.Amusement parks contribute nearly 40% of the tota l leisure industry turnover. Retail- Amusement parks Growth of India's retail sector had been the main driving force for the amusement industry in India. Famous Ten Amusement parks in India: 1. Veegaland Park Situated at Pallikkara, this state of art Amusement Park is just 14kms away from Kochi/Cochin. Spread over a whooping 24 acres of land, its 7 storey high Vintage Castle and Caterpillar Village give a Fairy Tale atmosphere. The musical Fountains, flower gardens, water pool and water slides add to the attraction of the Veegaland Amusement Park. 6 2nd May, 2010 2. Ocean Park Ocean Park is situated at Gandipet, 20 km. from Hyderabad, in 20 acres of landscaped gardens, an amusement park that you haven't seen the likes of yet in India. It is one of the first theme parks started in twin-cities and continues to be a great hit especially with children.But it is not the young ones alone who enjoy, even adults can have lots of fun here. It is a family amusement park offering a good mix of fun and thrills for people of all ages with water rideskiddies pool, wave pool, water slides, dry rides- super loop, the 60 feet high ride, bumping cars, slam bomb etc. 7 22nd May, 2010 3. Ramoji Film City Ramoji Film City is the ultimate leisure destination for holidays, honeymooners, corporate conferences, events, theme parties, adventure camps, family picnics and grand weddings. this world s largest integrated film studio complex spread over 2000 acres of land. It was opened by the Film Producer Ramoji Rao in the year 1996. It’s about 25 kms from the main city of Hyderabad and is open the 7 days of a week. The Film City Complex has urban landscapes of US and Australia as well as India.They have the Amazon Army Base as the newest additions to the attractions of the Film City. 8 22nd May, 2010 4. Fun n food Village Fun ‘N' Food Village at Delhi was set up in the year 1993. Fun ‘N' Food Village is situated at Old Delhi-Gurgaon Highway which is just 3 kilometers a way from the Delhi international airport. Fun ‘N' Food Village is for all ages of people. Fun ‘N' Food Village in Delhi was inaugurated by former President of India Giani Zail Singh. 9 22nd May, 2010 5. Essel World Pan India Paryatan Pvt. Ltd. PIPPL) is the company holding EsselWorld – India’s Largest Amusement Park and Water Kingdom – Asia’s Largest Theme Water Park. Pioneers in the entertainment and leisure industry, it was EsselWorld that pulled people out of the staid environment of conventional pleasure trips and unfolded before them the exciting new scenario of a complete leisure destination. A sprawling complex on the coastal Gorai village in northwest Mumbai, â€Å"The Island of Fun† is sprawled over 64 acres and is a refreshing gateway to a whole new world of excitement and fun.The second phase in the expansion plans for PIPPL, Water Kingdom makes this twin park complex a complete destination by itself. It’s never-before seen attractions set amidst unique architecture with international standard amenities and hygiene; catapult Water Kingdom into a different league. It is the only, truly international water park experience in India. 10 22nd May, 2010 6. Adventure Island Sprawling over an area of 62 acres in North West Delhi, it has been made with the venture of Unitech Ltd and International Amusement Ltd. It’s a 164 crore project with a water park and Planet Pogo.There are 26 rides in all and all of them have been imported – supplied by leading European manufacturers such as Intamin, Moser and Zamperla, who supply rides to Disney, Universal Studios and Six Flags. The park is especially popular amongst children and teenagers. The entire Island consists of world class amusement Park, an adventure island and a water park. Retail Environment Metro Walk (Delhi) is spread across 2. 21 lakh sq ft and is anchored to the park. It overlooks a large lake which acts as a separator between the mall and the park.The Park has 26 rides spreading in an area of 3. 5acres. 7. Entertainment City It is thought of as Disney Land of India – the Entertainment City in Noida. Unveiled by former cricket captain and entrepreneur Kapil Dev, it spreads over a whooping 147 acre land with an investment of Rs 10 billion. Built over an area of 100 acres of land, the park has more then 30 rides, supplied from European manufacturers. The Entertainment City Park has three entertainment zones, one for kids, one for teenagers and one for families each with its own separate rides, attractions and food courts.In addition to this it also has a Shopping complex known as the Great IndiaThe Entertainment City is a is a joint venture between Unitech and International Amusement Limited, the promoters of Appu Ghar (Delhi). 11 22nd May, 2010 8. Nicco Park It is situated in the heart of the main City of Calcutta in Salt Lake – its one of the most happening place for the kids and teenagers. The elde rs simply love to be here. Covering an area of 40 acres, it was opened in the year 1991. Jheel Meel was the previous name of the park. It was renamed in he year 1990 with the restructuring of the park. It’s the only Amusing Park in the world which has got ISO 9002 certification. It draws a whopping 1. 5 million people every year. 9. Gujarat Science City Gujarat Science City has been made with a view of imparting education in the form of entertainment. On one of its side, it has small village while on other side the suburban urban area reflects technological atmosphere. The Gujarat Science City has something different from others in the country. Visited by the former Indian President and Scientist Dr.J P Abdul Kalam it exhibits, mind blowing experience, models which can be worked upon, a showcase of virtual reality, activity corners, hands on labs and live demonstrations to provide an understanding of science and technology to the common man. 10. Platinum Resorts The silent ye t beautiful theme park of West Delhi is spreading at 14 acres of land. Big lawns here and the greenery calls people to view the scenery beauty amongst the screaming voice of the city lights. It’s a Resort cum Water Park. The beauty of the Park can be seen from the entrance itself. It has a huge big entrance – with the hugeness it looks more magnificent.The Platinum Resort is just a 30 minutes drive (25 km drive from Paschim Vihar, on Delhi-Rohtak Road, NH no. 10. It’s a good place for family gatherings, parties and of course the entertainment of the entire family. 12 22nd May, 2010 13 22nd May, 2010 Current trends Amusement parks seek uniform entertainment tax The Indian Association of Amusement Parks and Industries, apex body of the amusement parks, has sought uniformity in the entertainment tax being imposed by different states. The Association rues that the exorbitantly charged entertainment tax by some states is a major impediment in the growth of the indust ry in these regions. West Bengal, Punjab and Gujarat charge entertainment tax at 20%, 40% and 25% respectively, whereas the entertainment tax rate hovers around 5-15% in majority of the states. Real Estate companies plans to enter into this market Though the unorganised players hold a majority share in the market, the organised players are also expanding their base. Groups like Nicco Parks, Zee group, Unitech ; Turner and various real estate companies are developing amusement parks in different regions. The foreign developers are also stepping into the Indian amusement industry through collaborations with Indian companies. 14 2nd May, 2010 V Guard group entered into amusement parks V Guard Group of companies, based in Cochin in Kerala, is negotiating with property owners in Mumbai and Chennai for starting amusement parks. The group, which is running Veegaland in Cochin and Wonderla near Bangalore, has identified a place near Chennai to start a watertheme and amusement park, but nego tiations were still on. Growing transportation facilities Transport corridors like expressways and the Metro line are bringing an increasing number of people closer to entertainment hubs. To that extent, they trigger growth of formal means of entertainment.One major development witnessed in National Capital Region (NCR) over the last 4-5 years has been the expansion of Delhi Metro line. This process started in Central and Western parts of the city and is now on course to link South Delhi and Gurgaon. This has provided common man with a mode of transport that is both economical and convenient. While daily journeys like the ones to college or workplace have been simplified – the occasional weekend outing too has been made much simpler as a result of enhanced connectivity to popular entertainment destinations. 5 22nd May, 2010 Expansion of Metro rail project One of the first entertainment destinations, which is strategically located near Rohini Metro Station, was launched by Uni tech. This project was launched prior to the completion of the Metro line and has been fully operational since December 2007. It comprises Adventure Island – an amusement park and the Metro Walk MallThe expansion of Delhi Metro gives us reason to be very optimistic about future of our projects in Rohini, especially Adventure Island.While the city is dotted with malls and retail spaces – this is one of the few amusement parks and hence we expect a significant increase in footfalls upon extension of Metro line to South Delhi and Gurgaon, as distance will no longer be a prime consideration. Profile of top three Indian Companies: 1. Nicco parks ; resorts ltd NPRL was incorporated with the prime objective of providing educative entertainment and wholesome recreation for the entire family simultaneously promoting tourism. NPRL presents a complete leisure package in an eco-friendly atmosphere with thrilling rides, eateries, exclusive landscaping, and indoor sports.This amusem ent park offers all kinds of entertainment under one roof and handles its offerings with professional elan. Business area of the company: At Nicco Park, it offers a wide range of rides and facilities, which the company manufactures in addition to setting up the operation of Amusement or Water Parks on turnkey basis. 16 22nd May, 2010 The company is associated with TUV, India (affiliated to TUEV, Germany) who commission an annual inspection of all its major rides along with manufacturing inspections for the new rides based on approved quality assurance plans.The company can offer overall consultancy to set-up and run Theme Parks successfully. †¢ At the market price of Rs. 70. 00, the stock trades at P/E of 15. 35 x and 12. 96 xs for the earnings of FY10E and FY11E respectively. †¢ Earning per share (EPS) of the company for the earnings of FY10E and FY11E is seen at Rs. 4. 56 and Rs. 5. 40 respectively for equity share of Rs. 10. 00 each. †¢ We recommend ‘BUY†™ in this particular scrip with a target price of Rs. 85. 00 for Medium to Long term investment. Particulars Net Sales (Rs. Mn. ) Net Profit (Rs. Mn. ) EPS (Rs. ) FY08 214. 0 12. 80 2. 73 FY09 244. 00 21. 30 4. 56 % Chg. YoY 13. 59 66. 41 67. 03 17 22nd May, 2010 2. South Asian Enterprises Ltd South Asian Enterprises (SAENTER) is engaged in the business of setting up and running amusement parks and has ventured into the real estate and films. It was incorporated on Mar. 21, 1990 and came out with a public issue on Mar. 30, 1994. Earlier known as South Asian Entertainment, it acquired its present name on Feb. 24, 1995. Associate companies include VLS Capital, Gaurav Overseas Exports, Needle Eye Plastic Industries, Pragati Moulders, M.P. Mehrotra (HUF), VLS Finance, VLS Securities, VLS Investments, VLS Asset Management, and VLS Investments Inc. (USA). The first park was set up in the city of Kanpur under the name and style of Mikky House. Other parks were set up in Lucknow and Ayodh ya. In FY08, the company ventured into marketing of earthing products and execution of contracts for earthing and lightning protection systems. It has also ventured into television serials and film production in collaboration with AUM Sportainment. Come December is a recent production. †¢ At the market price of Rs. 12. 6, the stock trades at P/E of -0. 14 x and 22. 59 xs for the earnings of FY10E and FY11E respectively. †¢ Earning per share (EPS) of the company for the earnings of FY10E and FY11E is seen at Rs. -0. 54 and Rs. 0. 53 respectively for equity share of Rs. 10. 00 each. †¢ We recommend ‘HOLD’ in this particular scrip with a target price of Rs. 20. 00 for Medium to Long term investment. 18 22nd May, 2010 Particulars FY09 FY10E % Chg. YoY Net Sales (Rs. Mn. ) Net Profit (Rs. Mn. ) EPS (Rs. ) 7. 40 1. 87 0. 47 13. 03 -0. 54 – 76. 08 3. Mahindra Holidays ; Resorts India LtdMahindra Holidays ; Resorts India Limited was incorporated as a priva te limited company called ‘Mahindra Holidays ; Resorts India Private Limited’ on September 20, 1996. The status of the Company was changed to a public limited company by a special resolution of the members passed at the annual general meeting held on January 29, 1998. The fresh certificate of incorporation consequent upon conversion was issued to the Company on April 17, 1998, by the Registrar of Companies, Tamil Nadu at Chennai. †¢ At the market price of Rs. 482. 00, the stock trades at P/E of 30. 2 x and 27. 92 x for the earnings of FY10E and FY11E respectively. †¢ Earning per share (EPS) of the company for the earnings of FY10E and FY11E is seen at Rs. 15. 69 and Rs. 17. 25 respectively for equity share of Rs. 10. 00 each. †¢ We recommend ‘BUY’ in this particular scrip with a target price of Rs. 575. 00 for Medium to Long term investment. 19 22nd May, 2010 Particulars Net Sales (Rs. Mn. ) Net Profit (Rs. Mn. ) EPS (Rs. ) FY10 5101. 96 1178 . 37 14. 44 FY11E 5694. 23 1307. 23 15. 69 % Chg. YoY 11. 61 10. 94 8. 66 SWOT Analysis Strengths †¢ Fastest growing sector High margins †¢ Growing foreign Investments †¢ Customers satisfaction Weaknesses †¢ Seasonal business †¢ Low entry fees †¢ No special incentives from govt 20 22nd May, 2010 Opportunities †¢ Currently for a population of 1. 15 billion in the country, there are only 120 amusement parks and 45 Family Entertainment Centers. This indicates that the growth potential of Indian amusement and theme park industry is substantial. †¢ Transport corridors like expressways and the Metro line are bringing an increasing number of people closer to entertainment hubs. The Indian gaming market is on the path of maturity, income levels are rising and people want to have a fun life. †¢ The foreign companies reportedly interested in the Indian amusement parks market include Universal Studios, Time Warner and Disney. †¢ Growing tourism industry †¢ Growing retail market Threats/ Challenges †¢ Factors such as monsoon and cold weather affect the industry and in a year, only 100 days are the ‘peak season' for the parks. †¢ Lack of uniform taxation †¢ Govt policies †¢ Rising material cost of equipment 21 22nd May, 2010Conclusion: The high growth potential of the industry in highly populated India will boost tourism, social infrastructural development as well as employment generation. The success and growth potential of this industry is resulting into the advent of new manufacturers of amusement parks' rides in India. Currently for a population of 1. 15 billion in the country, there are only 120 amusement parks and 45 Family Entertainment Centers. This indicates that the growth potential of Indian amusement and theme park industry is substantial.Global leaders in entertainment parks and attractions like Universal Studios, Disney, Sony and Ripley Entertainment are mulling over investments of billions of dollars in India considering the vast potential in this region. Private equity funds are also aggressively dedicating resources towards this sector. The growth of the Indian economy will drive the Industry to, â€Å"grow both vertically & horizontally. Vertically, in terms of the scale of investment and horizontally across the length and the breadth of the country. The greatest growth potential is the enormous amount of dormant/under-utilised land in India’s hinterland.Hotels and resorts are already showing interest in developing existing plots into anything form small play areas to full scale theme or water parks. _______________________________________________________ Disclaimer: This document prepared by our research analysts does not constitute an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument or as an official confirmation of any transaction. The information contained herein is from publicly available data or other sources beli eved to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied on as such .Firstcall India Equity Advisors Pvt. Ltd. or any of it’s affiliates shall not be in any way responsible for any loss or damage that may arise to any person from any inadvertent error in the information contained in this report. This document is provide for assistance only and is not intended to be and must not alone be taken as the basis for an investment decision. 22 22nd May, 2010 Firstcall India Equity Research: Email – [email  protected] com B. Harikrishna Banking B. Prathap IT A. Rajesh Babu FMCG C. V. S. L. Kameswari Pharma U. Janaki Rao Capital Goods E.Swethalatha Oil & Gas D. Ashakirankumar Automobile Kavita Singh Diversified Nimesh Gada Diversified Priya Shetty Diversified Tarang Pawar Diversified Firstcall India also provides Firstcall India Equity Advisors Pvt. Ltd focuses on, IPO’s, QIP’s, F. P. O’s, Takeover Offers, Off er for Sale and Buy Back Offerings. Corporate Finance Offerings include Foreign Currency Loan Syndications, Placement of Equity / Debt with multilateral organizations, Short Term Funds Management Debt & Equity, Working Capital Limits, Equity & Debt Syndications and Structured Deals.Corporate Advisory Offerings include Mergers & Acquisitions (domestic and cross-border), divestitures, spin-offs, valuation of business, corporate Restructuring-Capital and Debt, Turnkey Corporate Revival – Planning & Execution, Project Financing, Venture capital, Private Equity and Financial Joint Ventures Firstcall India also provides Financial Advisory services with respect to raising of capital through FCCBs, GDRs, ADRs and listing of the same on International Stock Exchanges namely AIMs, Luxembourg, Singapore Stock Exchanges and Other international stock exchanges.For Further Details Contact: 3rd Floor, Sankalp, The Bureau, Dr. R. C. Marg, Chembur, Mumbai 400 071 Tel. : 022-2527 2510/2527 6077 /25276089 Telefax: 022-25276089 E-mail: [email  protected] com www. firstcallindiaequity. com 23

Adulthod final

The distinction of the age range within each stage of development or within a single stage say childhood or adolescence varies from one community to another. These distinctions are not fixed and they vary greatly depending on the culture and the social orientation of the society doing the distinction.For instance, the age at which an individual is seen as a juvenile varies from state to another and therefore it is automatic that the age of at which one converts to an adult from adolescence will also vary. Therefore the distinction between childhood and adulthood will also vary between these states and generally vary from one cultural and social group to another all along history.It is important to note that the passage year into adulthood or passage years within adulthood itself as a stage of development is socially and culturally fixed. All cultures divide the entire life of human beings into more all the same but what differ are the transition ages from one stage to another or from one sub stage (within one development stage say adulthood) to another.Of great importance are the roles that come with the attainment of each development stage (Barber, 1957).These roles are assigned or expected in each society or culture differently and on the basis of the developmental changes observed at each stage. For instance, one will be expected to marry and raise a family at the entry into adulthood whereas other societies will prefer on to move on to the middle adulthood before he or she could marry.This paper seeks to address the stages of adulthood giving a detailed description of the changes observed at each stage of adulthood and at the same time addressing how public policy affects each period of development and examine the different cultural influences during each developmental period.2.0 Literature ReviewLife development stages are often marked by certain specific social, physical and psychological developments or changes. When these changes are observed the assign ment of rights, roles, privileges and responsibilities then takes place but this assignment is depended on the culturally defined or defined as a matter of official policy.For instance, in Western industrialized societies, the life development stages are defined as Prenatal stage (conception- birth), Infancy (birth-2 years), Early childhood (3-6 years), Middle childhood (6 years- puberty which of course varies), Adolescence (beginning of puberty to adulthood), Young adulthood (20-40 years), Middle adulthood (40-65 years) and Later adulthood old age (sixty-five and older).Of great concern especially for this paper are the stages of adulthood which as seen from above list is divided into 3 stages: Young adulthood (20-40 years), Middle adulthood (40-65 years) and Later adulthood/old age (65 years and older) (Pikunas& Eugene, 1991).A young adult is lies between the age of 20-40 and individuals in this sub stage of adulthood display energy and vigor. They are generally of perfect health and bereft of problems related to senescence. Physical performance reaches the peak at the age of 20-35an starts to wane after 35, Strength peaks at 25 and remains constant through 35-40 after which it starts to decline and Flexibility decrease as the age goes past 35 or 40.It is important to note physical differences in which a 40 year old may out beat a 20 year old on many of the aspects highlighted above. Women in this group reach their fertility peak which then decreases gradually as age progresses. For instance, there is 50%, 40% and 30% for women aged19-26, 27-34 and 35-39 respectively (Lesser & Pope, 2007).At this sub stage of adulthood, the members think in a more mature way as oppose to the preceding adolescence stage and focus more on the positive construction of a bright future ahead of them. Further, they learn to appreciate value in things and issues, tangible or intangible, and their relationships with adults improve markedly.Middle adulthood, according to the US offic ial policies , includes the ages 35-54 year olds but Erik Erikson deems otherwise and thinks that this stage end later and thus sets the stage to last from 40-65 years old. This stage succeeds young adulthood and it is defined by visible aging signs such as graying of hair and loss of skin elasticity, put up of body weigh usually due to reduced physical activity and decrease in strength and flexibility.Female fertility also decreases significantly during this stage of middle adulthood. However, the aging process observed in this stage varies from one individual to another mainly through the concept of individual differences (Shephard, 1998).Finally, late adulthood or old age starts from 65 years and above. However this boundary between the middle adulthood and old age may not be categorically placed because it doesn’t share the same connotations in all societies and therefore it varies from on society to another.For Instance, in most parts of the world, old age is assigned to people based on certain changes in their lives, activities and social roles i.e. people are said to be old   when they assume or become grandparents, or when they retire.European and North American societies identify old age with attainment of specific number of years. This apparently last stage of the human life cycle is distinct of limited regenerative ability with the members being highly prone to disease sickness and syndromes besides other aspects of senescence.3.0 Statement of the ProblemThe stages of adulthood development vary from one society or government to another. It is evident that the age definitions of these sub stages of adulthood differ from one official government policy to another and these governments fix these age .numbers based on the societal assignments of roles.The society on the other hand assigns roles, responsibilities, privileges etc basing on the public policy defined by the government. Therefore, it goes without saying that public policy affects eac h of the sub stages of adult development cultural orientation immensely influences each sub stage of developmental period.4.0 Research MethodsThe method of collecting data is designed in a way that one randomly observes various people in various sub stages of adulthood noting the common physical, social and even psychological features where possible. Further, at least ten individuals in each sub stages of the adulthood stage i.e.Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Late Adulthood, Elderly are interviewed to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and what are some of the responsibilities, roles, rights etc that come with each sub stage of adulthood development. The research schedule was set a below:4.1 Early AdulthoodObservation: physical, psychological and social featuresInterview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stageTime : 3 Hours4.2 Middle AdulthoodObservations: physical, psychological and social featuresInterview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stageTime: 3 Hours4.3 Late AdulthoodObservation: physical, psychological and social featuresInterview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stageTime: 3 Hours4.4 ElderlyObservation: physical, psychological and social featuresInterview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stage

our future essays

our future essays When I first decided to take this class I felt there was not much that when into the predictions of stock prices and the future of your economy. It is clear now that there are at least six different factors that contribute to the movement of our capital markets. At the present time our market is in what the experts call a correction period which means that it has fallen at least ten percent from a record setting date. Our economy is mist of a record boom of a one hundred and seven months. Experts a predicting the worst like they have the last twenty-four months or so. So I am going to make a prediction that the economy will continue to grow at a rate of 3.5% maybe not at the same rate as last year. The Federal Reserve is trying to slow the growth by raising rates by a quarter of a point. The rational for this is that the economy is growing at a rate that can spark inflation soon. So far the prior four times the Federal Reserve has raised rates not much has happened. I am predicting that if the current rate hike does not effect the market, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan will raise rates again in March and May to slow our prosperous economy. The reason why a rate hike will slow down the economy is by raising the overnight rate to 5.75, the highest since 1995, it has made borrowing less attractive. In turn, corporation will have less money to invest then productivity will go down, hence supply will go down and demand will soon follow. Right now though productivity numbers released in January showed that it is on the rise, which has keep inflation in check. As productivity is on the rise, corporations are going to require more labors. Unemployment is at an all time low of 4% and is not expected to increase much this year, levels are predicted to be between 4.0-4.25%. The rise in labor productivity will lead to less unemployment, which leads to a higher economic capacity and more mon ...

A History of Flag-Burning and Flag Desecration Laws in the U.S.

A History of Flag-Burning and Flag Desecration Laws in the U.S. Flag-burning or desecration isnt unique to the 21st century. It first became an issue in the U.S. after the Civil War. Many felt that the trademark value of the American flag was threatened on at least two fronts in the years immediately following the Civil War: once by the preference of white Southerners for the Confederate flag, and again by the tendency of businesses to use the American flag as a standard advertising logo. Forty-eight states passed laws banning flag desecration to respond to this perceived threat.  Heres a timeline of events. The First U.S. Supreme Court Ruling on Flag Desecration (1907) Most early flag desecration statutes prohibited marking or otherwise defacing a flag design, as well as by using the flag in commercial advertising or showing contempt for the flag in any way. Contempt was taken to mean publicly burning it, trampling on it, spitting on it or otherwise showing a lack of respect for it. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld these statutes as constitutional in  Halter v. Nebraska  in 1907.   The Federal Flag Desecration Law (1968) Congress passed the Federal Flag Desecration Law in  1968 in response to a Central Park event in which peace activists burned American flags in protest against the Vietnam War. The law banned any display of contempt  directed against the flag, but it didnt address the other issues dealt with by the state flag desecration laws. Verbal Disparagement of Flag Is Protected Speech (1969) Civil rights activist Sydney Street burned a flag at a New York intersection in protest against the shooting of civil rights activist James Meredith  in 1968. Street was prosecuted under New Yorks desecration law for defy(ing) the flag. The Court overturned Streets conviction by ruling that verbal disparagement of the flag - one of the reasons for Streets arrest - is protected by the First Amendment, but it didnt directly address the issue of flag-burning. The Supreme Court Rules Against Laws Banning Contempt of the Flag (1972) After a Massachusetts teenager was arrested for wearing a flag patch on the seat of his pants, the Supreme Court ruled that laws that ban contempt of the flag are unconstitutionally vague and that they violate the First Amendments free speech protections. The Peace Sticker Case (1974) The Supreme Court ruled in  Spence v. Washington  that affixing peace sign stickers to a flag is a form of constitutionally-protected speech. Most states revised their flag desecration laws in the late 1970s and early 1980s to meet the standards set in Street, Smith, and Spence. The Supreme Court Strikes Down All Laws Banning Flag Desecration (1984) Gregory Lee Johnson burned a flag in protest against President Ronald Reagans policies outside the Republican National Convention in Dallas in 1984. He was arrested under Texas flag desecration statute. The Supreme Court struck down flag desecration laws in 48 states in its 5-4 Texas v. Johnson  ruling, stating that flag desecration is a constitutionally protected form of free speech. The Flag Protection Act (1989-1990) The U.S. Congress protested the Johnson decision by passing the Flag Protection Act in 1989, a federal version of the already-struck state flag desecration statutes. Thousands of citizens burned flags in protest of the new law, and the Supreme Court affirmed its previous ruling and struck down the federal statute when two protesters were arrested.   The Flag Desecration Amendment (1990 through 2005) Congress made seven attempts to overrule the U.S. Supreme Court from 1990 through 2005 by passing a constitutional amendment  that would make an exception to the First Amendment. This would have allowed the government to ban flag desecration.  When the amendment was first brought up in 1990, it failed to achieve the necessary two-thirds majority in the House. It has consistently passed the House but failed in the Senate since the Republican congressional takeover of 1994.   Quotes Flag Desecration and Laws Justice Robert Jackson  from his  majority opinion  in  West Virginia v. Barnette  (1943), which struck down a law requiring schoolchildren to salute the flag:   The case is made difficult not because the principles of its decision are obscure but because the flag involved is our own ... But freedom to differ is not limited to things that do not matter much. That would be a mere shadow of freedom. The test of its substance is the right to differ as to things that touch the heart of the existing order.If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein. Justice William J. Brennans  from his 1989  majority opinion in  Texas v. Johnson:   We can imagine no more appropriate response to burning a flag than waving ones own, no better way to counter a flag burners message than by saluting the flag that burns, no surer means of preserving the dignity even of the flag that burned than by - as one witness here did - according its remains a respectful burial. We do not consecrate the flag by punishing its desecration, for in doing so we dilute the freedom that this cherished emblem represents. Justice John Paul Stevens from his dissent in  Texas v. Johnson  (1989):   The ideas of liberty and equality have been an irresistible force in motivating leaders like Patrick Henry,   Susan B. Anthony, and   Abraham Lincoln, schoolteachers like Nathan Hale and Booker T. Washington, the Philippine Scouts who fought at Bataan, and the soldiers who scaled the bluff at Omaha Beach. If those ideas are worth fighting for - and our history demonstrates that they are - it cannot be true that the flag that uniquely symbolizes their power is not itself worthy of protection from unnecessary desecration.

Email and Internet Usage Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Email and Internet Usage Policies - Essay Example Upon orientation, which all new staff must go through, rules and regulations regarding use of the company intranet and email system are clearly spelled out, in a specific section of the employee handbook. Instructions are also given on how to handle setting up new accounts, dealing with technical support issues and any other questions regarding the intranet or email. New employees meet with at least one member of the IT staff during orientation. Each new employee is visited by a member of IT staff within 24 hours, if contact via email or phone does not solve a specific problem an employee has. Specific policy regarding email applies to all employees, whether administrative, health care, support or maintenance staff. For health care or medical records staff who may have frequent contact with other care providers, policies regarding patient information are reviewed during orientation. It is acceptable for health care staff to email others within the organization on patient status or ot her pertinent information, particularly when some new records have not been scanned into the system. However, health care workers are encouraged to fax necessary records or supporting documents. Health care staff within the organization are encouraged to print pertinent emails regarding patient status, attach them to patient records, then delete messages. All messages are automatically deleted after 3 days. Archiving of email messages is discouraged, as it poses a risk of patient information falling into the wrong hands, though the risk is slim.

Regional Integration for and Against Articles Article

Regional Integration for and Against Articles - Article Example Regional integration is a powerful concept that enhances coordination and formulation of coherent operating policies in diverse facets of operation. It is set with an aim of advancing economic performance and achievement of exemplary benefits by the member states. Evidently, most of the countries are organizing themselves into various economic blocks, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), for example, in order to boost productivity and social coherence. The nations recognize that sound economic integration is a central pillar in ensuring absolute achievement of the aspired performance levels. Nations that seek to operate effective commercial activities with clear-cut goals should organize themselves into vibrant trading blocks. Hill (2005), a renowned writer and economist, gives insightful information that focus on the imperativeness of economic integration between nations as a performance measure. He asserted that nations with strong performance aspirations and expansion ideals should embrace conventional methods of engagement and execution of business operations. This is to facilitate the formulation of strong economic policies, trading guidelines, political agreements and creation of common markets. The elements are critical in advancing exemplary performance, since the development of coherent trading policies open up exchange of products with limited bottlenecks. As stated, building a vibrant economy with adequate job opportunities for the citizens, good infrastructure and ideal GDP performance cannot be achieved in isolation due to the present dynamic complications.